Informal Education in Preliterate Societies

Preliterate societies existed before the invention of  reading and wiling. These  societies have no written  language and are characterized by very basic technology and a simple division of labor. Daily activity often centers around the   struggle to survive against natural forces, and the earliest forms of education are  survival oriented. People in these societies acquire knowledge and skills through   informal education-« learning that occurs in a spontaneous, unplanned way.   rough direct informal education, parents and other members of the group provide   information about how to gather food. find shelter,

make weapons  and tools, and  get along with others. For example,  a boy might learn skills such as hunting.  gathering, fishing. and farming from his father. whereas a girl  might learn from her  other how to plant. gather,  and prepare food or howto take care of her younger sisters and brothers. Such informal education often occurs through   storytelling or ritual ceremonies that convey cultural messages and provide   behavioral norms. Over time, the knowledge shared through informal  education may  become the moral code of the  group.

Formal Education in Pr Industrial, Industrial, and Postindustrial  Societies

Although postindustrial societies have a written language,  few people know how to read and write. and formal education is often reserved  or  he privileged. Education becomes more formalized in postindustrial and industrial societies. Formal education is learning that takes place   within an academic setting such as a school, which has a planned instructional process and teachers who convey specific knowledge, skills,  and thinking  processes to students. Perhaps the earliest formal education the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission  f knowledge. skills.and cultural values within a formally organized structure.

cultural transmission the process by which children and   recent immigrants become acquainted with the dominant cultural beliefs, values, norms, and accumulated knowledge of a society. Informal  education learning that occurs in a spontaneous, unplanned way.  formal education learning that takes place within an academic setting    ch  s a school, which has a planned instructional process and teachers who convey specific knowledge, skills, and thinking  processes to  students.